Evaluation of the pooling of swabs for real-time PCR detection of low titre shedding of low pathogenicity avian influenza in turkeys
Identifieur interne : 000966 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000965; suivant : 000967Evaluation of the pooling of swabs for real-time PCR detection of low titre shedding of low pathogenicity avian influenza in turkeys
Auteurs : M. E. Arnold [Royaume-Uni] ; M. J. Slomka [Royaume-Uni] ; V. J. Coward [Royaume-Uni] ; S. Mahmood [Royaume-Uni] ; P. J. Raleigh [Irlande (pays)] ; I. H. Brown [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Epidemiology and infection [ 0950-2688 ] ; 2013.
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- topic : Vétérinaire.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether pooling avian influenza (AI)-positive swabs with negative swabs has a detrimental effect on the sensitivity of AI real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCRs). Cloacal and buccal swabs were sampled daily from 12 turkeys infected with A/goose/England/07(H2N2). For half the turkeys, each swab was mixed with four swabs from known AI-negative turkeys, and for the other half the swabs were tested individually. Bayesian modelling was used to (i) determine whether pooling the positive swabs compromised the cycle threshold (Ct) value obtained from the rRT-PCRs, and (ii) estimate the likelihood of detection of an H2N2 infected turkey flock via rRT-PCR for pooled and individually tested swabs (cloacal and buccal) vs. the number of days post-infection of the flock. Results indicated that there was no significant effect of compromising AI rRT-PCR sensitivity by pooling a weak positive swab with negative swabs on the Ct values which were obtained. Pooled sampling was able to widen the detection window compared to individual sampling, for the same number of rRT-PCR tests. This indicates that pooled sampling would be an effective method of reducing the number of tests to be performed to determine flock status during an AI outbreak and for surveillance.
Affiliations:
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E." last="Arnold">M. E. Arnold</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</s1><s2>Addlestone, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slomka, M J" sort="Slomka, M J" uniqKey="Slomka M" first="M. J." last="Slomka">M. J. Slomka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</s1><s2>Addlestone, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coward, V J" sort="Coward, V J" uniqKey="Coward V" first="V. J." last="Coward">V. J. Coward</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</s1><s2>Addlestone, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahmood, S" sort="Mahmood, S" uniqKey="Mahmood S" first="S." last="Mahmood">S. Mahmood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</s1><s2>Addlestone, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raleigh, P J" sort="Raleigh, P J" uniqKey="Raleigh P" first="P. J." last="Raleigh">P. J. Raleigh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Laboratories, Celbridge</s1><s2>Co. Kildare</s2><s3>IRL</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:noRegion>Co. Kildare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, I H" sort="Brown, I H" uniqKey="Brown I" first="I. H." last="Brown">I. H. Brown</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</s1><s2>Addlestone, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Epidemiology and infection</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Epidemiol. infect.</title><idno type="ISSN">0950-2688</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Epidemiology and infection</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Epidemiol. infect.</title><idno type="ISSN">0950-2688</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Avian influenzavirus</term><term>Detection</term><term>Dissemination</term><term>Epidemiology</term><term>Medical screening</term><term>Pathogenicity</term><term>Polymerase chain reaction</term><term>Real time</term><term>Samplings</term><term>Turkey(bird)</term><term>Veterinary</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Influenzavirus aviaire</term><term>Prélèvement</term><term>Temps réel</term><term>Réaction chaîne polymérase</term><term>Détection</term><term>Dissémination</term><term>Pouvoir pathogène</term><term>Dindon</term><term>Epidémiologie</term><term>Vétérinaire</term><term>Dépistage</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Vétérinaire</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The purpose of this study was to determine whether pooling avian influenza (AI)-positive swabs with negative swabs has a detrimental effect on the sensitivity of AI real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCRs). Cloacal and buccal swabs were sampled daily from 12 turkeys infected with A/goose/England/07(H2N2). For half the turkeys, each swab was mixed with four swabs from known AI-negative turkeys, and for the other half the swabs were tested individually. Bayesian modelling was used to (i) determine whether pooling the positive swabs compromised the cycle threshold (C<sub>t</sub>) value obtained from the rRT-PCRs, and (ii) estimate the likelihood of detection of an H2N2 infected turkey flock via rRT-PCR for pooled and individually tested swabs (cloacal and buccal) vs. the number of days post-infection of the flock. Results indicated that there was no significant effect of compromising AI rRT-PCR sensitivity by pooling a weak positive swab with negative swabs on the C<sub>t</sub> values which were obtained. Pooled sampling was able to widen the detection window compared to individual sampling, for the same number of rRT-PCR tests. This indicates that pooled sampling would be an effective method of reducing the number of tests to be performed to determine flock status during an AI outbreak and for surveillance.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Irlande (pays)</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Arnold, M E" sort="Arnold, M E" uniqKey="Arnold M" first="M. E." last="Arnold">M. E. Arnold</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Brown, I H" sort="Brown, I H" uniqKey="Brown I" first="I. H." last="Brown">I. H. Brown</name><name sortKey="Coward, V J" sort="Coward, V J" uniqKey="Coward V" first="V. J." last="Coward">V. J. Coward</name><name sortKey="Mahmood, S" sort="Mahmood, S" uniqKey="Mahmood S" first="S." last="Mahmood">S. Mahmood</name><name sortKey="Slomka, M J" sort="Slomka, M J" uniqKey="Slomka M" first="M. J." last="Slomka">M. J. Slomka</name></country><country name="Irlande (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Raleigh, P J" sort="Raleigh, P J" uniqKey="Raleigh P" first="P. J." last="Raleigh">P. J. Raleigh</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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